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姒傝�岃█涔嬶紝鍦ㄤ粠鈥滀簲鍥涒�濆埌鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濈殑鑴夌粶涓紝瀵逛簬鈥滆蛋鈥濈殑鍧氭寔涓庡浜庘�滃摢閲屸�濈殑鎺㈠鍏卞悓鏋勬垚浜?jiǎn)鏂版枃鍖栦汉鐨勨�滃巻鍙叉�т富浣撯�濅笌鈥滃疄璺靛瀷鑷垜鈥濄�傛棤璁烘�濇兂榪樻槸琛屽姩錛岄�氳繃瀹炶返寤虹珛涓庢椂浠ｇ殑鏈夋満鍏寵仈閮芥槸鏈辮嚜娓呯殑鍩烘湰闈㈠悜銆傚鏋滆鈥滄柊鏂囧寲鈥濆湪鏌愮鎰忎箟涓婂畾涔変簡(jiǎn)鏈辮嚜娓咃紝鎴栬�呬笌鍏剁浉浜掓垚灝辯殑璇濓紝榪欐牱涓�縐嶁�滃疄璺靛瀷鑷垜鈥濈殑瀹屾垚涓庡睍寮�鏃犵枒鏄渶涓烘牳蹇?jī)鐨勯儴鍒嗐�傞偅涔堬紝鏈辮嚜娓呮槸鎬庢牱鍦ㄢ�滀簲鍥涒�濇椂鏈熷艦鎴愬浜庤嚜鎴戜笌鏃朵唬鐨勮鐭ワ紝鍙堟槸濡備綍鍦ㄩ潰瀵光�滃悗浜斿洓鈥濈殑鍒版潵鏃跺仛鍑?guó)櫚冩曔_(dá)紝涔熷氨鍊煎緱璁ょ湡杈ㄦ瀽銆傝繖涓�榪囩▼瀹屾暣璁板綍鍦ㄤ粬浠庘�滀簲鍥涒�濋珮娼埌鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濆垵鏈燂紙1919鈥?/span>1922錛夌殑鏂拌瘲鍐欎綔涓庢枃浣撴�濊鯨涓�傝繖鏄湵鑷竻涓�鐢熶腑鍞竴涓�涓互鏂拌瘲涓烘�濇兂琛ㄨ揪鐨勪富瑕佸獟浠嬬殑鏃舵湡錛屼篃鏄粬鏈漢閬亣宸ㄥぇ鐨勭敓媧誨彉鍔ㄤ笌綺劇鎸戞垬鐨勯樁孌典箣涓�銆傗�滆瘲鈥濅笌鈥滄�濃�濄�佹枃浣撲笌闂銆佷釜浣撲笌鏃朵唬銆佽嚜鎴戜笌鍘嗗彶錛屽郊姝ょ敓鍙戯紝浜掔浉涔﹀啓銆?/span>
銆婇偅閲岃蛋銆嬫爣紺轟簡(jiǎn)涓�浠ｆ柊鏂囧寲浜轟粠鈥滀簲鍥涒�濆埌鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濈殑杞姌宸茬劧瀹屾垚錛岃�屾湵鑷竻鍦?/span>1919鈥?/span>1922騫撮棿鐨勬柊璇椾笌鏂囦綋瀹為獙鍒欐洿澶氳璇佷簡(jiǎn)杞姌鐨勬?zhèn)勭劧鍙戠敓銆傚浣曞洜搴斿彉灞�錛屽張鎬庢牱寤剁畫鈥滄柊鏂囧寲鈥濈殑榪芥眰涓庣珛鍦猴紝灝ゅ叾鏄吇鎴愪竴縐嶆棬褰掑湪瀹炶返鐨勫搧璐ㄤ笌鍝佹牸錛屾湵鑷竻鏃╁勾鐨勭粡鍘嗙殑紜槸鐢熷姩璇犻噴銆?/span>
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鏈辮嚜娓呭湪鍖楀ぇ鏈熼棿涔?fàn)寰楃殑鏈�涓洪噸瑕佺殑鈥滄柊鏂囧寲鈥濈粡楠岋紝棣栧厛涓嶆槸涓撲笟鐨勫摬瀛︾煡璇嗭紝鑰屾槸鏂版枃瀛︾殑鍚挋銆?/span>1919騫?/span>2鏈?/span>29鏃ワ紝鏄換浣曚竴縐嶆湵鑷竻騫磋氨涓庝紶璁伴兘浼?xì)鐗瑰埆钁楀綍鐨勨�滃叧閿椂鍒燴�濄�傚綋鏃ワ紝涓哄鍙嬫敹鍒扮殑涓�騫呫�婅タ濡囨姎鍎垮浘銆嬫墍瑙﹀姩錛屾湵鑷竻鍒涗綔浜?jiǎn)鏂拌瘲銆婄潯鍚э紝灝忓皬鐨勪漢銆嬨�傝繖鏄竴棣栨磱婧㈢潃鏂版枃瀛﹀垵鍒涢樁孌電壒鏈夌殑鈥滅埍鐨勫摬瀛︹�濋鏍肩殑浣滃搧銆傛璇楀湪鎶�鑹轟笂騫朵笉紿佸嚭錛屼絾瀵逛簬鏈辮嚜娓呮潵璇村嵈鏈夌壒孌婃剰涔夛紝鍥犱負(fù)榪欐槸浠栤�滃垱浣滄柊璇楃殑寮�濮嬧�?/span>3錛屾爣蹇椾粬鈥滀粠姝ゅ紑濮嬫柊鏂囧鍒涗綔鈥?/span>4銆傛鍚庣殑鏈辮嚜娓呬究涓�鍙戜笉鍙敹錛岀洿鍒版瘯涓氬墠鍚庯紝鍙堝垱浣滀簡(jiǎn)銆婂皬楦熴�嬨�婂厜鏄庛�嬨�婃瓕澹般�嬨�婃弧鏈堢殑鍏夈�嬨�婄緤緹ゃ�嬨�婃柊騫淬�嬨�婄叅銆嬨�婂寳娌蟲部鐨勮礬鐏�嬨�婂皬鑽夈�嬨�婂姫鍔涖�嬩笌銆婂寳娌蟲部鐨勫銆嬬瓑鏂拌瘲錛岃瘲椋庝篃閫愭笎鎴愮啛銆?/span>
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銆婂厜鏄庛�嬪啓鍑虹殑鏄柊鏂囧寲浜哄湪浜斿洓榪愬姩榪囧悗鐨勬櫘閬嶇粡楠岋細(xì)鈥滀簲鍥涒�濆彂鐜頒簡(jiǎn)鈥滀釜浣撯�濓紝浣嗗湪闅忓嵆鍒版潵鐨勨�滆漿鍨嬫椂浠ｂ�濅腑錛屸�滀釜浣撯�濆浣曞畨鏀懼茍涓斾粙鍏ユ椂浠ｄ笌鍘嗗彶榪涚▼鐨勯棶棰樺嵈鏃犳硶閫氳繃瀵逛簬鈥滀釜浣撯�濅環(huán)鍊肩殑鑲畾榪庡垉鑰岃В錛屼竴縐嶆洿涓哄叿浣撲篃鏇村姞鏍規(guī)湰鎬х殑鑷垜瀹炵幇鐨勬湡寰呭懠涔嬫鍑恒�傝繖鏄�滀簲鍥涒�濇彁鍑虹殑璇鵑錛屼篃鏄�滀簲鍥涒�濆唴鍚殑鐭涚浘銆傛棩鍚庯紝20涓栫邯20騫翠唬鍏磋搗鐨勬斂娌婚潻鍛戒笌緇忔祹闈╁懡涓鴻繖涓�闂鐨勮В鍐沖垱閫犱簡(jiǎn)濂戞満錛屽悓鏃朵篃甯︽潵浜?jiǎn)鏂扮殑闂锛垬q欐鏄�婇偅閲岃蛋銆嬭瘯鍥炬暣鐞嗙殑鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濈粡楠岋級(jí)銆傛墍浠ュ驚姝ょ湅鏉ワ紝浠庝釜浣撯�滆В鏀鋸�濆埌榪芥眰鍦ㄦ暣涓枃鍖栦笌紺句細(xì)鈥滆В鏀鋸�濅腑瀹屾垚鑷垜錛屽叾瀹炲瓨鍦ㄤ竴鏉℃綔鍦ㄧ殑婕旇繘鑴夌粶銆傛槸鏁呬袱鑰呯殑鈥滆惤宸�濅篃灝卞彲浠ヨ瑙嗕負(fù)涓�縐嶁�滃繀鐒剁粡鍘嗙殑鍙樺艦鍜岄瑕嗏�?/span>6銆傚啓浣溿�婂厜鏄庛�嬫椂鐨勬湵鑷竻褰撶劧涓嶄細(xì)鍏鋒湁濡傛鍏堥獙鐨勬剰璇嗭紝浣嗕粬瀵逛簬鈥滄璺竾鍗冣�濈殑鏁忛攼鎰熺煡浠ュ強(qiáng)寰楀嚭鈥滀綘瑕佸厜鏄庯紝/浣犺嚜宸卞幓閫狅紒鈥濈殑緇撹榪樻槸鍦ㄥ緢澶х▼搴︿笂閾埢浜?jiǎn)鈥滀簲鍥涒�濇椂鏈熲�滄柊闈掑勾鈥濅竴浠ｇ殑涓諱綋緇忛獙銆傚湪榪欎竴鏂歸潰錛屼粬鐨勭‘鏄珮搴﹁嚜瑙夌殑銆?/span>
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1920騫?/span>5鏈堬紝鏈辮嚜娓呬粠鍖楀ぇ鍝插緋繪瘯涓氥�?/span>8鏈堬紝浠栧嚭浠繪澀宸炴禉姹熺渷绔嬬涓�甯堣寖瀛︽牎錛堜互涓嬬畝縐扳�滄禉姹熶竴甯堚�濓級(jí)鍥芥枃鏁欏憳銆傛��鎶卞湪鏂版枃鍖栬繍鍔ㄤ腑褰㈡垚鐨勨�滀綘瑕佸厜鏄庯紝/浣犺嚜宸卞幓閫狅紒鈥濈殑鎰忓織涓庣悊蹇碉紝浠栨姇鍏ヤ簡(jiǎn)涓鏁欒偛瀹炶返銆傛鍚庝簲騫達(dá)紝鏈辮嚜娓呰緱杞睙鍗楀叓鍦板叓鏍★紝鐩村埌1925騫?/span>8鏈堝洖浜紝鍑轟換娓呭崕瀛︽牎澶у閮ㄥ浗鏂囨暀鎺堛�?/span>
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浠庣浉淇?/span>鈥滀綘瑕佸厜鏄庯紝浣犺嚜宸卞幓閫狅紒鈥濆埌鈥滃彧濂芥殫鍦伴噷寰呯潃浜?jiǎn)鈥濓紝鐢扁�滄槑鈥濊嚦鈥滄殫鈥濓紝浠庝富鍔ㄧ殑鈥滈�犫�濆埌鏃犲彲濂堜綍鐨勨�滃緟鈥濓紝鍏墮棿鐨勮惤宸箣澶т笌鍙嶅樊涔嬪己錛屽彲浠ヤ竴鐩簡(jiǎn)鐒躲�傝瘲鐨勯鐩�滀笉瓚充箣鎰熲�濅篃楂樺害褰㈣薄鍦版鎷嚭浜?jiǎn)涓�縐嶅緲寰婅�屾棤鎵�褰掍緷鐨勮嚜鎴戠姸鎬併�傝繖鏄湵鑷竻鍦ㄧ寮�鍖楀ぇ/鍖椾含涔嬪悗錛屽湪鏂扮殑鏃剁┖涓浜庝釜浜轟互鍙?qiáng)涓恨Z笌涓栫晫鐨勫叧緋誨仛鍑虹殑鏂扮殑鎹曟崏涓庣悊瑙ｃ�傛墍璋撯�滀笉瓚斥�濓紝褰撶劧鎸囧悜涓諱綋鍦ㄥ綋涓嬬殑鏈畬鎴愭垨鑰呭緟灞曞紑錛屽彲鍚屾椂涔熻鏄庝簡(jiǎn)璇椾漢瀵逛簬鎰忎箟鎰熶笌鍙兘鎬х殑鎵х潃鈥斿敮鍏垛�滆拷姹傗�濓紝鏂規(guī)墠鈥滃緲寰娾�濓紱涔熷敮鍏惰嚧鍔涘畬鎴愶紝鏂規(guī)墠浼?xì)鏁忔劅浜庘�滀笉瓚斥�濄�?/span>
1921騫?/span>3鏈堬紝鍚屾牱鏄湪嫻欐睙涓�甯堬紝鏈辮嚜娓呭張鍐欏嚭浜?jiǎn)銆婂績(jī)鎮(zhèn)搞�嬩竴璇楋紝鎱ㄥ徆鈥滀笘鐣屾槸澶ぇ浜?jiǎn)鈥濓紝鑰岃嚜宸遍潪甯糕�滄棤鍔涒�濄�?/span>8浠庘�滀笉瓚斥�濆埌鈥滄棤鍔涒�濓紝鏈辮嚜娓呯殑鎸觸鎰熷張鍔犳繁涓�閲嶃�傚綋騫存殤鍋囪繃鍚庯紝浠栦究紱誨紑嫻欐睙涓�甯堬紝杞線鎵窞姹熻嫃鐪佺珛絎叓涓浠繪暀錛屽悗鍙堝墠寰�涓婃搗涓浗鍏銆傚湪紱誨紑鏉窞涔嬪墠錛屼粬鍐欎笅鏂拌瘲銆婅漿鐪箋�嬶紝璁板綍浜?jiǎn)鈥滄椂瑙夊椒寰ㄢ�濈殑蹇?jī)缛A錛屽彂鍑轟簡(jiǎn)鈥滆繖鏍瘋幗鑾借崱鑽＄殑涓栫晫涔嬩腑錛屽埌搴曢偅閲屾槸浠栫殑璺憿錛佲�濈殑鎰熷徆銆?/span>9鑰屽垵鍒頒腑鍥藉叕瀛︼紝鏈辮嚜娓呬究璧朵笂浜?jiǎn)瀛︽疆锛屽彧濂介摡缇借�屽綊銆傝繖璁╄礋璐ｆ枴鏃嬪娼紝鍙堜笌涓浗鍏鍏崇郴娣卞帤鐨勮儭閫傚緢鏄笉騫熾�備粬璁や負(fù)鏈辮嚜娓呮槸鈥滃緢濂界殑浜衡�?/span>10銆備絾綾諱技閬亣鍦ㄦ湵鑷竻鐨勨�滄睙鍗椾簲騫粹�濆張浣曟涓�渚嬨�傞綣佺殑瀛︽疆涓庡啗闃�娣鋒垬鐨勯槾闇懼緇堝褰遍殢褰紝鈥滄棤鍔涒�濇槸琚９鎸熷叾涓殑涓綋鐩稿綋鐪熷疄鐨勬劅鍙椼�?/span>
鍦ㄤ腑鍥藉叕瀛︾殑瀛︽疆涓紝1921騫?/span>10鏈堬紝鏈辮嚜娓呭啓涓嬨�婅嚜浠庛�嬩竴璇楋紝鍏朵腑涓�鑺傛槸鈥斺�?/span>
鈥滄壘鎴戜滑鐨勮姳鍘葷艦錛佲�?/span>
閮戒笂浜?jiǎn)錆h鐢熷簳鏃呰礬銆?/span>
鎴戞竻鏃╁拰澶槼鍑哄幓錛?/span>
璺熺潃閭ｆā緋婄殑鏍峰瓙錛?/span>
涔熷皢瀵繪垜鎵�瑕佺殑銆?/span>
澶滃箷涓嬫椂錛?/span>
鎴戝張鍜屾湀浜嚭鍘伙紝
鍜屾槦鏄熷嚭鍘伙紱
娌℃湁鏄熸槦錛?/span>
鎴戜究鎻愮伅絎煎嚭鍘匯�?/span>
鎴戝浜?jiǎn)浜屽崄涓夠q達(dá)紝
鍙湁褰卞瓙錛?/span>
鍙湁褰卞瓙鍟婏紒
榪戯紝榪戯紝榪戯紝鈥旂溂鍓嶏紒
榪滐紝榪滐紝榪滐紝鈥斿ぉ杈癸紒
鍞囦篃鐒︿簡(jiǎn)錛?/span>
瓚充篃鐑т簡(jiǎn)錛?/span>
蹇?jī)涔熸憞鎽囦簡(jiǎn)锛?/span>
鎴戞祦娉鍠鋒硥錛?/span>
浼告墜濡備篂涓愶細(xì)
鎴戣鎴戞墍瀵葷殑錛?/span>
鍗村鐫�鎴戞墍涓嶈鐨勶紒鈥?/span>
鍥犱負(fù)璋佽兘浠庢拻鏃︽墜閲岋紝
澶哄洖閭ｅ凡澶辯殑鑺卞憿錛?/span>11
鏃犺鏄笌銆婂厜鏄庛�嬪拰銆婁笉瓚充箣鎰熴�嬬浉姣旓紝榪樻槸杈冧箣銆婅嚜浠庛�嬩互鍓嶅叾浠栧叿鏈夎嚜鎴戞姃鎯呮�ц川鐨勮瘲浣滐紝璇ヨ瘲閮芥槸鏈辮嚜娓呯洿鍒版鏃舵儏鎰熸渶涓烘縺鐑堜笌涔﹀啓鏈�涓虹洿闇茬殑涓�棣栥�傚湪銆婂厜鏄庛�嬩笌銆婁笉瓚充箣鎰熴�嬩腑錛屽敖綆′篃閮芥湁鈥滄垜鈥濓紝浣嗘瘯绔熶笉鑳藉皢涔嬬洿鎺ヤ笌璇椾漢絳夊悓璧鋒潵錛岃�屽彧鑳戒綔涓轟竴縐嶁�滆〃鐜扳�濄�傘�婅嚜浠庛�嬪嵈涓嶅悓錛屽洜涓哄湪鈥滄垜瀵諱簡(jiǎn)浜屽崄涓夊勾鈥濅竴鍙ヤ箣鍚庯紝鏈辮嚜娓呮槑鐧芥棤璇湴鑷敞鈥滄垜浠婂勾浜屽崄涓夊瞾鈥濄�傝繖渚垮潗瀹炰簡(jiǎn)姝よ瘲鐨勨�滃績(jī)鍙測(cè)�濇�ц川銆?/span>
鏈辮嚜娓?/span>鈥滃浜?jiǎn)浜屽崄涓夠q粹�濓紝鎵�寰楀埌鐨勨�滃彧鏈夊獎(jiǎng)瀛愨�濄�傛棤璁衡�滅溂鍓嶁�濓紝榪樻槸鈥滃ぉ杈光�濓紝鈥滄垜瑕佹垜鎵�瀵葷殑鈥濓紝鈥滃嵈瀵葷潃鎴戞墍涓嶈鐨勨�濄�備袱騫翠互鍓嶏紝鏈辮嚜娓呭湪銆婂厜鏄庛�嬩腑鍐欏埌錛屼粬鎵�瀵葷殑鏄�滃厜鏄庘�濓紝鍗斥�滄璺竾鍗冣�濅腑鍙互鎸囧紩涓庣‘璁ょ殑涓�縐嶅姏閲忋�備絾鍒頒簡(jiǎn)銆婅嚜浠庛�嬶紝浠栨墍寰楀埌鐨勫嵈鈥滃彧鏈夊獎(jiǎng)瀛愨�濓紝鐢氳嚦榪樷�滃鐫�鎴戞墍涓嶈鐨勨�濄�傚叾闂寸殑澶辮惤鏄捐�屾槗瑙併�傚氨鍦ㄥ啓浣滆璇楃殑嬈℃湀錛屼粬紱誨紑涓婃搗錛岃繑鍥炴禉姹熶竴甯堜換鏁欍�傚湪娌澀閬撲腑錛屼粬鍗崇墿璧峰叴錛屽啓鍑恒�婃勃鏉亾涓婄殑鏆�嬩竴璇楋紝緇х畫鎶掑彂鑷繁瀵逛簬鏈潵涓嶇‘瀹氱殑鎬呮儤銆傝瘲鏇幫細(xì)鈥滈婢硅崱錛屽鉤鍘熸鑾借幗錛屼簯鏍?wèi)鑻嶈尗锛岃媿鑼Q涙毊鍦ㄧ浜哄績(jī)涓娿�傗�?/span>12
鏃╁湪姣曚笟浼婂錛屾湵鑷竻灝辨浘鍐欎笅棰樹負(fù)銆婃勃鏉亾涓�嬬殑鏂拌瘲銆傝�屻�婃勃鏉亾涓婄殑鏆�嬪嵈鍜屼粬浠ュ線鑷垜鎶掑啓鏃墮噰鐢ㄧ殑鍏稿瀷鐨?/span>鈥滃垵鏈熺櫧璇濇柊璇椻�濈殑浣撳紡涓庨鏍間笉鍚屻�傝璇楁湁鎰忊�滄嫙鍙も�濓紝涓嶄絾鍦ㄧ粨鏋勪笂鏁堟硶灝忎護(hù)錛岃�屼笖灞曞紑鏂瑰紡涔熸槸鈥滄嫙澧冣�濆紡鐨勩�傝瘲涓殑鏆壊鑻嶈尗錛屼笉浠呮槸瀵逛簬鐪煎墠鏅薄鐨勨�滃啓瀹炩�濓紝鍚屾椂涔熷唴鍖栦負(fù)涓�縐嶄富浣撴剰緄�傛姃鎯呬富浣撲篃涓嶅啀鏄�滀簲鍥涒�濆紡鐨勨�滆嚜鎴戔�濓紝鑰屾垚涓哄彜鍏歌瘲璇嶄腑鐨勭被鍨嬧�斺�滅浜衡�濄�傛湵鑷竻閫夋嫨浠モ�滄毊鍦ㄧ浜哄績(jī)涓娾�濅竴鍙ヤ綔緇擄紝涓嶄絾灝嗐�婃勃鏉亾涓婄殑鏆�嬪綊鍏ヤ簡(jiǎn)瓚呰秺鈥滄柊鈥?/span>/鈥滄棫鈥濅富浣撳強(qiáng)鍏舵姃鎯呯晫闄愮殑鏇翠負(fù)鏅亶鐨勭粡楠屼腑錛岃�屼笖涔熸妸鑷繁鐨勮瘲鎯呬笌紲炴�濊瀺鍏ヤ竴縐嶇墿鎴戝悎涓�鐨勫鐣岄噷錛岃櫧鐒跺熀璋冭繕鏄棝鑻︿笌鐒﹁檻鐨勩�?/span>
鍥?/span>
褰撶劧錛屽鏋滆涓烘湵鑷竻鍦?/span>鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濇椂鏈熷彧鏄竴鍛蟲�呮儤錛屼篃涓嶅噯紜�傚鍓嶆墍榪幫紝鍙湁涓嶆柇鎺㈢儲(chǔ)錛屾墠浼?xì)瀵逛簬鎸姌鍒嗗鏁忔劅銆?/span>1921騫?/span>12鏈堬紝鏈辮嚜娓呮湁銆婄潄鐪箋�嬩竴璇楋細(xì)
澶滆鍞ゅ洖鏃訛紝
緹庢ⅵ浠庣溂杈歸鍘匯�?/span>
鐔瑰井鐨勬櫒鍏夐噷錛?/span>
鍏堥攱浠殑瓚寵抗錛?/span>
鐗ц�呬滑鐨勯灜褰憋紝
閮芥檭鑽＄潃浜?jiǎn)锛?/span>
閮界収鑰�鐫�浜?jiǎn)锛?/span>
鏄�曪紵鏄緸錛?/span>
浜庢槸閭ｆ極婕殑鍓嶈礬銆?/span>
鎯寵９瓚沖悧錛熷緬鐒?dòng)灱?/span>
涓斾竴姝ユ鍘繪尐鐫�鍟?/span>鈥斺�?/span>
鐩村埌浣犵溂涓嶅繀鐫侊紝涓嶈兘鐫佺殑鏃跺�欍�?/span>13
姝ゆ椂鐨勬湵鑷竻錛屽垰浠庝腑鍥藉叕瀛︾殑瀛︽疆涓В鑴憋紝鍦ㄦ禉姹熶竴甯堝畨欏夸笅鏉ャ�傚湪涓浗鍏鍑犱箮杈捐嚦欏剁偣鐨勫け钀芥儏緇紝榪欐椂寰楀埌涓�瀹氱▼搴︾壕瑙ｃ�傚湪浠栫殑綺劇涓栫晫涓紝鐢變笂嫻鋒惡鏉ョ殑鈥滄勃鏉亾涓婄殑鏆�濊鏉窞鈥滅喒寰殑鏅ㄥ厜鈥濆彇浠ｃ�備粠涓紝鏈辮嚜娓呭啀搴︾湅鍒頒簡(jiǎn)鈥滃厛閿嬩滑鐨勮凍榪光�濅笌鈥滅墽鑰呬滑鐨勯灜褰扁�濄�備粬鎷掔粷鈥滆９瓚斥�濅笉鍓嶏紝鑰屾槸閫夋嫨鈥滀竴姝ユ鍘繪尐鐫�鈥濓紝鈥滅洿鍒頒綘鐪間笉蹇呯潄錛屼笉鑳界潄鐨勬椂鍊欌�濄�傚彲浠ヨ錛屻�婄潄鐪箋�嬪凡緇忓叿澶囨湵鑷竻涓�騫翠箣鍚庡畬鎴愮殑鍚嶄綔銆婃瘉鐏�嬬殑闆忓艦銆?/span>
浣滀負(fù)璇椾漢鐨勬湵鑷竻錛屼負(fù)鏂拌瘲鍙茶礎(chǔ)鐚殑鏈�涓洪噸瑕佺殑浣滃搧鍗抽暱璇椼�婃瘉鐏�嬨�傝繖涔熸槸浠栧湪鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濇椂鏈熷崄鍒嗗叧閿殑涓�澶х簿紲炴枃鏈�傛牴鎹湵鑷竻璇楁垚涔嬪悗鐨勫彊榪幫紝銆婃瘉鐏�嬬殑鍐欎綔鍘嗘椂鍗婂勾涔嬩箙錛岃搗紼夸簬1922騫?/span>6鏈堬紝9鏈堢畫鍐欙紝12鏈堝畾紼褲�?/span>14姝よ瘲璧風(fēng)瑪鏃訛紝浠栧皻鍦ㄦ禉姹熶竴甯堜換鏁欙紝寰呭埌瀹岀ǹ鏃訛紝浠栧凡緇忚漿璧村彴宸炴禉姹熺渷绔嬬鍏笀鑼冨鏍°�傜敓媧昏繕鏄嘗鎶樺鏃э紝浣嗕粬鐨勬皵璞″嵈鍦ㄦ?zhèn)勭劧鍙戠敓鍙樺寲銆備簬鏄紝鏈変簡(jiǎn)璇楁湯閭ｄ簺鍦ㄦ柊鏂囧鍙蹭笂鑰崇啛鑳借鐨勫彞瀛愶細(xì)
浠庢鎴戜笉鍐嶄話鐪肩湅闈掑ぉ錛?/span>
涓嶅啀浣庡ご鐪嬬櫧姘達(dá)紝
鍙皚鎱庣潃鎴戝弻鍙岀殑鑴氭錛?/span>
鎴戣涓�姝ユ韙忓湪娉ュ湡涓婏紝
鎵撲笂娣辨繁鐨勮剼鍗幫紒
铏界劧榪欎簺鍗拌抗鏄瀬寰粏鐨勶紝
涓斿繀灝嗙（鐏殑錛?/span>
铏界劧榪欒繜榪熺殑琛屾
涓嶇О閭ｈ竣榪㈡棤灝界殑紼嬮�旓紝
浣嗙幇鍦ㄥ鉤甯歌�屾負(fù)灝忕殑鎴戯紝
鍙湅鍒頒竴涓釜鍒嗘槑鐨勮剼姝ワ紝
渚挎湁鍗佸垎鐨勬鎮(zhèn)?/span>鈥?/span>
閭ｄ簺榪滆繙榪滆繙鐨?/span>
鏄啀涓嶈兘錛屼篃涓嶆兂鐞嗕細(xì)鐨勪簡(jiǎn)銆?/span>
鍒�芥悂鍚э紝
璧幫紒璧幫紒璧幫紒15
銆婃瘉鐏�嬬殑鍐欎綔錛岃搗婧愪簬鈥滃叚鏈堥棿鍦ㄦ澀宸炩�濈殑鈥滄箹涓婁笁澶滅殑鐣呮父鈥濓紝16鍗充粬涓庝繛騫充集銆侀儜鎸搸絳変漢鍏辨父瑗挎箹鐨勭粡鍘嗐�備繛騫充集瀵規(guī)浜︽湁璁板綍銆?/span>17瀵逛簬銆婃瘉鐏�嬶紝淇炲鉤浼粰浜堜簡(jiǎn)鏋侀珮璇勪環(huán)銆傚湪浠栫湅鏉ワ紝鈥滆繖璇楃殑椋庢牸鎰忓闊寵皟鏄兘鍦ㄤ腑鍥藉彜浠ｄ紶緇熺殑涓�鍒囪瘲璇嶆洸浠ュ錛屽彟鏍囦竴甯滅殑鈥濄�備繛騫充集璁や負(fù)錛屻�婃瘉鐏�嬪湪鏈辮嚜娓呯殑鏂拌瘲鍒涗綔涓笂婧愭湁鑷紝銆婅漿鐪箋�嬩笌銆婅嚜浠庛�嬬瓑璇楀凡緇忓艦鎴愨�滀竴縐嶇壒寮傜殑浣滈鈥濓紝鈥滀笉榪囧湪銆婃瘉鐏�嬫妸榪欑椋庢牸鏍煎琛ㄧ幇寰楀渾婊″厖瓚斥�濄�?/span>18
灝界楂樺害鑲畾銆婃瘉鐏�嬪湪鎶�鑹哄眰闈㈠彇寰楃殑鎴愬氨錛屼絾淇炲鉤浼洿涓虹湅閲嶇殑榪樻槸鍏舵�濇兂浠峰�箋�傝�屼笖鈥滆瘲鈥濅腑涔嬧�滄�濃�濅笉鐙睘浜庢湵鑷竻錛屼篃涓哄寘鎷繛騫充集鍦ㄥ唴鐨勪竴浠ｆ柊鏂囧寲浜烘墍鍏變韓銆傛墍浠ヤ粬璇粹�滄垜鑷俊瀵逛簬榪欒瘲澶氬皯鑳戒簡(jiǎn)瑙ｄ竴鐐光�濓紝鈥滃洜鎴戜滑蹇?jī)澧冪浉鎺q戠殑緙樻晠鈥濄�傚湪淇炲鉤浼湅鏉ワ細(xì)
銆婃瘉鐏�嬭繖璇楁墍瀹ｇず緇欐垜浠殑鑷沖皯鏈変袱涓瀬閲嶈鐨勭瓥鐣ワ紝鍦ㄤ漢鐢熷簳鏂椾簤鏂歸潰錛氱涓�涓槸鈥滄拠鈥濆瓧錛岀浜屼釜鏄�滄墽鈥濆瓧銆傛拠鏄拠寮�錛屾墽鏄墽浣忋�傚嚒鐜板湪娌℃湁浜鴻兘絳旂殑錛岀瓟浜?jiǎn)绛変簬娌〗{旂殑闂錛屾棤璁哄ぇ鐨勶紝灝忕殑錛岃�佺殑錛屾垜浠�繪妸瀹冧滑涓�璧鋒拠寮�錛屼笖鎾囧緱榪滆繙榪滆繙鐨勶紝瓚婅繙瓚婂ソ銆?/span>
鑷充簬鎵у瓧錛屾洿涓洪噸瑕併�傛垜浠棦鏈夋墍鍘伙紝鐒朵笉鑳芥棤鎵�鍙栥�傚彇浠�涔堝憿錛熻兘絳旂殑闂錛屾効絳旂殑闂錛屽繀瑕佺瓟鐨勯棶棰橈紝榪欎笁欏癸紝鎴戜滑涓嶄絾瑕佽В鍐沖畠浠紝涓旇榪呴�熷湴鍏呰凍鍦拌В鍐沖畠浠�傚啀璇存竻妤氫竴鐐癸紝鎴戜滑瑕佸姫鍔涙妸鎹夎繖鐜板湪銆?/span>19
淇炲鉤浼槸鏈辮嚜娓呭湪鍖楀ぇ灝辮鏃剁殑鍚屽銆備袱浜轟竴璧風(fēng)粡鍘?/span>鈥滀簲鍥涒�濓紝鍙堝湪鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濇椂鏈熸垚涓哄郊姝ょ殑鑷充氦錛屽湪鏂囧銆佸嚭鐗堛�佹暀鑲蹭笌瀛︽湳棰嗗煙澶氭湁鍚堜綔銆備粬浠殑縐佽皧鏇存槸閱囧帤銆傛棩鍚庢湵鑷竻緇撴潫鈥滄睙鍗椾簲騫粹�濓紝鍥炰含鍑轟換娓呭崕鏁欒亴錛屽嵆鍑?guó)檱繛邈^浼殑鎺ㄨ崘涔嬬紭銆備粬璇翠笌鏈辮嚜娓呪�滃績(jī)澧冪浉鎺ヨ繎鈥濓紝騫舵棤澶稿紶銆傚郊鏃朵袱浜洪兘鍦ㄤ粠鈥滀簲鍥涒�濆埌鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濈殑鑴夌粶涓姹傗�滆嚜鎴戔�濈殑瀹炵幇銆備繛騫充集璁や負(fù)錛屾湵鑷竻鍦ㄣ�婃瘉鐏�嬩腑鈥滃紺衡�濈殑鈥滅瓥鐣モ�濆彲璋撲竴縐嶉噸瑕佺殑浜虹敓鎬佸害銆傝繖鏃㈡槸涓�縐嶅鏈垽鏂紝涔熸槸浠栦滑鍦ㄧ幇瀹炰腑鐨勫０姘旂浉鎶曘�備繛騫充集浠ユ湵鑷竻鐨勨�滃埞閭ｄ富涔夆�濇潵瑙ｉ噴榪欎竴鈥滅瓥鐣モ�濈殑褰㈡垚涓庡睍寮�銆?/span>20鑰屸�滃埞閭ｄ富涔夆�濋�氬父涔熻璁や負(fù)鏄湵鑷竻鍦ㄢ�滃悗浜斿洓鈥濇椂鏈熸渶涓虹郴緇熺殑鍝插琛ㄨ堪銆?/span>21鍊煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸錛屾縐嶄漢鐢熻涓庢枃瀛﹁瀹炰負(fù)涓�浠ｆ柊鏂囧寲浜虹殑鈥滃叡鍚岀粡楠屸�濄�備粬浠殑鑱旂粶銆佷氦嫻佷笌鐩鎬簰紜瘉鍦ㄦ湵鑷竻鐨勭簿紲炴帰绱腑鍙戞尌浜?jiǎn)閲嶈浣滅敤锛岃�屾湵鑷竻鐨勨�滆瘲鈥濅笌鈥滄�濃�濅篃鎻愬崌浜?jiǎn)鐩稿呄x�濊�冧笌璁ㄨ鐨勮川閲忓拰鍏叡闈㈠悜銆傚姝ゅ彟闇�涓撹錛屽涓旀寜涓嬩笉琛ㄣ�?/span>22
淇炲鉤浼寚鍑猴紝銆婃瘉鐏�嬫槸鏈辮嚜娓?/span>鈥滀漢鐢熻蹇碘�濈殑鍐欑収錛屸�滆繖瀵逛簬浠栬嚜宸憋紝瀵逛簬鍚岀梾鐩告�滅殑鎴戜滑錛屾瀬瀹規(guī)槗錛屾瀬鍒囧疄錛屾瀬鍏舵湁鐢紝涓嶆暍璇村嵆鏄湡鐞嗭紱浣嗚繖鎬繪槸鎴戜滑鐨勪竴鏈嶈嵂鈥濄�傚湪榪欑鎰忎箟涓婏紝鈥溿�婃瘉鐏�嬩究鏄敓闀庫�濓紝鈥滄鏄竴棣栧厖婊′簡(jiǎn)縐瀬鎰忓懗鐨勮瘲鈥濄�?/span>23涓嶈繃錛屾湵鑷竻鐨勨�滅Н鏋佲�濆茍闈為珮浜€�佹縺榪涗笌濂旀斁錛岃�岀浉褰撳唴鏁涖�佽妭鍒朵笌騫沖拰銆備笌鍙ｅ彿鍜屽懠鍙風(fēng)浉姣旓紝浠栨洿鍔犲湪鎰忕殑鏄繛騫充集鎵�璋撯�滃垏瀹炩�濅笌鈥滄湁鐢ㄢ�濄�傞檲騫沖師璁ゅ悓淇炲鉤浼殑鍒ゆ柇錛岃涓恒�婃瘉鐏�嬧�滀笌鍏惰鏄簿緹庤瘲綃囷紝涓嶅璇存槸浜虹敓瀹ｈ█鈥濄�備粬鏇磋繘涓�姝ュ彂鎸ワ細(xì)鈥滄�ф儏騫沖拰鐨勬湵鑷竻錛屽湪鐜頒唬浣滃涓紝鎵嶆皵涓嶆槸寰堢獊鍑猴紝鍙粬涓�鐩村線鍓嶈蛋錛屾姝ヤ負(fù)钀ワ紝娉㈡緶涓嶆儕鈥濓紝鈥滃姝ゅ潶璇氥�佺瑑瀹炪�佸嫟鍕夆�濓紝鈥滅煭鏈熺湅錛屽茍闈炶��鐪肩殑鏄庢槦錛屼絾鏀鵑暱瑙嗛噹錛屼笉鑳戒笉浣╂湇鍏剁簿紲炰笌姣呭姏鈥濄�?/span>24鑰岃繖涓�浣挎湵鑷竻鎴愪負(fù)鏈辮嚜娓呯殑鍏抽敭璐ㄧ礌錛屾鏄粬鍦ㄤ粠鈥滀簲鍥涒�濆埌鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濈殑鎺㈢儲(chǔ)榪囩▼涓�愭笎鍏繪垚鐨勩�?/span>
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鏈辮嚜娓呰櫧鐒朵篃鑲畾浜?jiǎn)鐭瘲鐨勪环鍊鹼紝浣嗕粬鏇村姞鍏沖績(jī)鐨勮繕鏄暱璇椾綔涓轟竴縐嶆柊鐨勬�濇兂宸ュ叿鐨勫彲鑳芥�с�?/span>鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濈殑鈥滃鏉傝�岄敊緇尖�濈殑鐜板疄浣垮緱鏈辮嚜娓呯殑鎯呮劅瓚嬪悜鈥滃眰灞傚彔鍙犮�佹洸鎶橀】鎸�濓紝鍙湁闀胯瘲鏂規(guī)墠鑳藉琛ㄧ幇鍏垛�滄繁鍘氣�濄�傝�屼粬鍦ㄤ笉涔呬箣鍚庡紑濮嬪垱浣滅殑銆婃瘉鐏�嬶紝灝辨槸涓�棣栤�滅紺撮儊縐紝鍦ㄥ績(jī)閲岀洏鏃嬪洖鑽★紝涔呰�屽悗鍑衡�濈殑浣滃搧錛屽彲璋撳叾闀胯瘲鎬濇兂鐨勬渶浣?jīng)_疄璺點(diǎn)�?/span>
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鏇翠負(fù)閲嶈鐨勬槸錛屾湵鑷竻閫氳繃鑷繁鐨勫垱浣滃疄璺電‘绔嬩簡(jiǎn)涓�縐嶆棬褰掑湪瀹炶返鐨勪漢鐢熸�佸害銆傚叾鍒涗綔閲嶅績(jī)鐢?/span>鈥滄柊璇椻�濆悜鈥滄暎鏂団�濈殑鍙樿縼錛屾湁蹇?jī)鑰呭凡鐒惰鯨璇嗚繃銆?/span>29涓嶅簲蹇界暐鐨勶紝鏄繖涓�鐜拌薄鑳屽悗鎵�钑磋棄鐨勪富浣撶殑鎬濇兂閬亣錛岀壒鍒槸鈥滄柊鏂囧寲鈥濆湪灞曞紑榪囩▼涓殑鎸姌鍙?qiáng)鍏惰嚜鎴戣皟閫傘�傛湵鑷竻鐨勨�滄儏鎬濈箒澶嶁�濇鏄�滀簲鍥涒�濈殑鈥滄柊鏂囧寲鈥濈悊鎯沖湪鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濇椂鏈熻蛋鍚戔�滃鏉傝�岄敊緇尖�濈殑鎶樺皠銆傗�滀簲鍥涒�濆紡鐨勮嚜鎴戯紝緇忕敱姝ょ暘铚曞彉錛屾湰韜篃鏇磋秼鈥滃鏉傝�岄敊緇尖�濄�傝繖鎵嶆湁銆婇偅閲岃蛋銆嬩腑鐨勫椒寰ㄣ�佸潥闊т笌鍐崇粷銆?/span>
灝卞湪銆婇偅閲岃蛋銆嬪彂琛ㄧ殑嬈″勾錛屽彾鍦ｉ櫠鎻愬嚭搴斿綋鎶娿�婃瘉鐏�嬩笌銆婇偅閲岃蛋銆嬫斁鍦ㄤ竴璧鋒潵鐪嬶紝鍥犱負(fù)瀹冧滑涓�閬?/span>鈥滃厖鍒嗚〃鐜板嚭榪欏嚑騫存潵鐭ヨ瘑鍒嗗瓙鐨勬剰璇嗗艦鎬佲�濓紝鑰屼笖涓嶆槸鏈辮嚜娓呪�滀竴涓漢濡傛槸鎯籌紝濡傛槸璇粹�濓紝鈥滄槸浠栬浜?jiǎn)涓�鑸煡璇嗗垎瀛愭墍鎯崇殑鈥濄�?/span>30濡傛灉璇淬�婇偅閲岃蛋銆嬫槸鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濇椂鏈熺殑鏍稿績(jī)鏂囨湰鐨勮瘽錛岄偅涔堟湵鑷竻鍦?/span>1919鈥?/span>1922騫撮棿鐨勨�滆瘲鈥濅笌鈥滄�濃�濆悓鏍峰叿鏈夌棁鍊欐剰涔変笌璁よ瘑浠峰�箋�備粬鐨勫鏄粡鍘嗕笌緇忛獙褰版樉浜?jiǎn)鈥滄柊鏂囧寲鈥濅粠鈥滀簲鍥涒�濆埌鈥滃悗浜斿洓鈥濈殑鍐呭湪綰跨儲(chǔ)涓庢繁灞傞�昏緫錛屼篃灝嗏�滄柊鏂囧寲鈥濈殑瀹炶返甯﹀悜涓�縐嶆洿鏈夎川鍦扮殑鈥滃鏉傝�岄敊緇尖�濄�?/span>