1984騫寸涓�瀹朵繚瀹夊叕鍙稿湪娣卞湷铔囧彛鎴愮珛錛屼繚瀹夋湇鍔′笟緇忚繃30澶氬勾鐨勫彂灞曪紝2015騫村簳鍏ㄥ浗淇濆畨浠庝笟浜哄憳宸茶揪500澶氫竾銆備繚瀹夋湇鍔′笟鐩存帴鍙備笌緇存姢紺句細(xì)娌誨畨錛屾垚涓轟漢姘戠兢浼楀畨鍏ㄦ劅鐨勯噸瑕佸畧鎶よ�呫�傛瘡騫村叏鍥戒袱浼?xì)銆丄PEC浼?xì)璁�佸寳浜ゥ榪愪細(xì)銆佸浗搴?0鍛ㄥ勾搴?jiǎn)鍏搞�佷笂嫻蜂笘鍗氫細(xì)銆佸箍宸炰簹榪愪細(xì)銆佽タ瀹夊洯鍗氫細(xì)鈥︹�︿竴鏀敮璁粌鏈夌礌銆佹湇鍔″懆鍒扮殑淇濆畨闃熶紞錛屽湪鍚勭被澶у瀷媧誨姩鐨勫畨鍏ㄤ繚鍗伐浣滀腑灝芥樉椋庨噰銆?0澶氬勾鏉ワ紝鍦ㄤ富綆℃満鍏沖拰浠庝笟浜哄憳鐨勪笉鎳堝姫鍔涗笅錛屼繚瀹変笟鍔″凡鐢卞崟涓�鐨勪漢鍔涢槻鑼冿紝鍙戝睍鎴愪負(fù)闆嗕漢闃層�佹妧闃層�佺姮闃層�佹娂榪愩�佷繚瀹夊挩璇€�佸姵鍔¤緭鍑虹瓑涓轟竴浣撶殑鍏ㄦ柟浣嶇殑淇濆畨鏈嶅姟緗戠粶錛屼繚瀹変簨涓氬凡緇忕湡鍒囧湴璧拌繘浜?jiǎn)姣忎釜錆h鐨勭敓媧諱腑銆傝繖鏀槦浼嶏紝鍦ㄤ績(jī)榪涚ぞ浼?xì)灏变笟銆佹湇鍔＄粡嫻庣敓媧匯�佺淮鎶ょぞ浼?xì)娌诲畨銆佹弧瓚沖叕浼楀畨鍏ㄩ渶姹備腑璧風(fēng)潃涓嶅蹇借鐨勪綔鐢紝鎴愪負(fù)鍏畨姘戣涓嶅彲緙哄皯鐨勫ソ甯墜銆?/span>
浣嗘槸錛屾垜鍥藉ぇ澶氭暟鍦板尯鐨勪繚瀹変粠涓氫漢鍛樻暣浣撶礌璐ㄤ綆錛屾硶鍒惰蹇墊貳钖勶紝浜哄憳?gòu)箒澶变弗閲嶅Q岃繖浜涢棶棰樺湪寰堝ぇ紼嬪害涓婂埗綰︿簡(jiǎn)淇濆畨涓氱殑鍙戝睍銆備粠鐜板疄鎯呭喌鐪嬶紝淇濆畨鑱屼笟涓嶆槸涓�涓兘鍚稿紩浼樼浜烘墠鐨勮亴涓氾紝鍦ㄥぇ澶氭暟鍏紬鐨勭溂涓紝淇濆畨浜哄憳鍙兘鎻愪緵鍩烘湰鐨勭湅鎶ゃ�佸貳閫葷瓑鎶�鏈惈閲忎綆鐨勪漢鍔涗繚瀹夋湇鍔★紝騫朵笉鑳芥彁渚涢珮綰у畨鍏ㄤ駭鍝併�傛�諱綋涓婄湅鍏紬瀵逛繚瀹夎亴涓氱殑璁ゅ彲鐜囦笉楂橈紝淇濆畨褰㈣薄涓嶄匠銆備繚瀹変笟鍦ㄦ垜鍥藉睘浜庝綆鏀跺叆銆佷綆鏂囧寲銆佷綆绱犺川鐨勮亴涓氾紝闅句互鍚稿紩楂樼礌璐ㄤ漢鎵嶆潵浠庝簨淇濆畨鏈嶅姟涓氥�傛鏄繖浜涙秷鏋佸洜绱狅紝闄愬埗浜?jiǎn)淇濆畨涓氱殑杩涗竴姝ュ彂灞曪紝鍏蜂綋鏉ヨ錛屼繚瀹夎亴涓氬艦璞＄殑褰卞搷鍥犵礌鏈夊涓嬪嚑涓�?/span>
01鑱屼笟鍚稿紩鍔?/span>
涓�縐嶈亴涓氱殑鍚稿紩鍔涳紝鍖呮嫭鑱屼笟鐨勮柂閰緟閬囥�佽亴涓氫繚闅溿�佺ぞ浼?xì)鍦颁綅銆佸伐浣滃唴瀹瑰拰宸ヤ綔鐨勯闄╂�с�備粠钖叕寰呴亣涓婄湅錛屾垜鍥戒繚瀹夋湇鍔′笟浠嶇劧澶勪簬杈冧綆鐨勫眰嬈★紝琛屾斂閮ㄩ棬鍜岀墿浠烽儴闂ㄥ埗瀹氱殑淇濆畨甯?jìng)鍦哄伐璧勬寚瀵间环浣嶅お浣庡Q屼竴浜涘湴鏂圭殑淇濆畨鍛樺伐璧勪笉瓚沖崈鍏冿紝紱忓埄寰呴亣涔熶綆銆備粠鑱屼笟淇濋殰涓婄湅錛屽湪銆婃潯渚嬨�嬪嚭鍙頒箣鍓嶏紝涓�浜涗繚瀹夊叕鍙鎬負(fù)浜?jiǎn)鑺偩U︾粡钀ユ垚鏈紝娌℃湁鍜屼繚瀹夊憳絳捐姝ｅ紡鐨勫姵鍔ㄥ悎鍚岋紝鏇翠笉鐢ㄨ涓轟繚瀹夊憳璐拱紺句細(xì)淇濋櫓銆備粠紺句細(xì)鍦頒綅涓婄湅錛屽湪紺句細(xì)緋葷粺涓繚瀹変漢鍛樼殑璐駭銆佹潈鍒╁拰鏉冨▉鐨勬嫢鏈夌▼搴︿綆錛屽浜庡姡鍔垮湴浣嶃�備粠宸ヤ綔鍐呭涓婄湅錛屼繚瀹夊伐浣滃ぇ澶氱畝鍗曟灟鐕ワ紝鎶�鏈惈閲忎綆錛屽嵆浣挎湁浜?jiǎn)涓�鎶�涔嬮暱涔熼毦浠ュ彂鎸ユ晥鐢ㄣ�備粠宸ヤ綔鐨勯闄╂�х湅錛屼繚瀹夊憳鑲╄礋鐫�涓庤繚娉曠姱緗涓轟綔鏂椾簤鐨勮矗浠伙紝淇濆畨鏈嶅姟娼滃湪鐨勫嵄闄╂�ф瀬楂橈紝鍦ㄣ�婃潯渚嬨�嬪嚭鍙頒箣鍓嶏紝淇濆畨浜哄憳鍥犲叕鑷翠激銆佽嚧孌嬨�佺敋鑷崇壓鐗插悗鍏惰崳瑾夈�佽垂鐢ㄧ瓑鏂歸潰鐨勮惤瀹炰簨欏規(guī)病鏈夊湪宸ヤ綔鍚堝悓涓槑紜瀹氾紝鍥犺�屼繚瀹変漢鍛樺湪涓庤繚娉曠姱緗漢鍛樻垨娌誨畨鐏懼浜嬫晠浣滄枟浜夋椂浠嶅瓨鍚庨【涔嬪咖銆傝繖浜涢兘鏋佸ぇ闄嶄綆浜?jiǎn)淇濆畨鑱屼笟鐨勫惛寮曞姏銆?/span>
02鍏紬璁ゅ悓鎰?/span>
鍏紬瀵逛竴涓亴涓氭槸鍚﹁鍚岋紝鍙互浠庝袱涓獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅洜绱犳潵鍒嗘瀽錛氳亴涓氱殑紺句細(xì)澹版湜鍦頒綅銆佺ぞ浼?xì)灏变笟瓒嬪悜銆傝亴涓氱殑紺句細(xì)澹版湜鏄漢浠鑱屼笟鐨勮瘎浠鳳紝瀹冨湪涓�瀹氱ぞ浼?xì)鏃舵湡淇濇寔鐩稿绋冲畾鎬э紝鏄亴涓氬湴浣嶉珮?shù)綆鐨勪富瑕佹爣蹇楀Q屼粠瀛﹁�呯殑鐮旂┒涓彂鐜幫紝鍦ㄥ綋浠ｄ腑鍥界ぞ浼?xì)锛屽啗_畾浜轟滑澹版湜鍦頒綅鐨勪富瑕佸洜绱犳槸鏁欒偛銆佹敹鍏ャ�佹潈鍔涖�佸氨涓氬崟浣嶆�ц川錛屼互鍙?qiáng)鏄惁浠庝簨鍙楁瑙嗚亴涓氥�傛湁瀛﹁�呭鍖椾含灞呮皯鑱屼笟澹版湜璋冩煡涓彂鐜幫紝淇濆畨緹や綋鍦ㄦ欏硅皟鏌ヤ腑鐨?00涓亴涓氫腑錛屼粎鎺掔93浣嶃�傚叕浼楀湪涓�瀹氱▼搴︿笂瀵逛繚瀹夎亴涓氬瓨鍦ㄤ竴瀹氳瑙ｅ拰鍋忚錛岄暱鏈熶互鏉ヤ繚瀹夐槦浼嶇鐞嗘按騫充粛鐒跺仠鐣欏湪綺楁斁鍨嬬鐞嗛樁孌碉紝闃熶紞褰撲腑瀛樺湪涓�浜涚鐞嗕笉鍠勩�佷漢鍛樼礌璐ㄥ亸浣庛�佹湇鍔℃剰璇嗗樊銆佹湇鍔¤川閲忎笉楂樼瓑鐜拌薄錛屽紩璧烽儴鍒嗙兢浼楃殑涓嶆弧鎰忥紝浠庤�屼互鍋忔鍏ㄥ湴璁や負(fù)淇濆畨鍛樼殑绱犺川閮藉緢浣庯紝鑰岀灖涓嶈搗淇濆畨宸ヤ綔銆備粠紺句細(xì)灝變笟瓚嬪悜鐪嬶紝闅忕潃鏂囧寲鏁欒偛鏅強(qiáng)鍜屽鍘嗘按騫崇殑鎻愰珮錛屾湭榪涘叆鍏姟鍛橀槦浼嶇殑璁稿闈掑勾閮藉紑濮嬪涔?fàn)涓撲笟鎶�鏈紝浠栦滑甯屾湜浠ヤ竴鎶�涔嬮暱璋嬫眰濂界殑鍙戝睍銆傚璧勪紒涓氥�佸叕鍙歌鏀跨鐞嗐�佹枃縐樸�佸晢璐搞�侀珮妗ｄ細(xì)鎵�銆侀厭搴楃瓑楂樻敹鍏ヨ涓氭垚浜?jiǎn)灏变笟棣栭�夈�傚叕浼楁櫘閬嶈涓轟繚瀹夊伐浣滄妧鏈惈閲忎綆銆佹病鏈夎亴涓氬彂灞曞墠鏅�?/span>
03濯掍綋浼犳挱瀵煎悜
濯掍綋鏄寚鍒╃敤鎶ョ焊銆佹潅蹇椼�佸箍鎾�佺數(shù)瑙嗗拰緗戠粶絳夊ぇ浼椾紶鎾伐鍏蜂粠浜嬩俊鎭紶鎾殑鏈烘瀯銆傚叾鍙椾紬闈㈠箍銆佷紶鎾�熷害蹇�佸彲淇℃�у己銆佺ぞ浼?xì)濯?jiǎng)鍝嶅ぇ銆傚獟浣撲綔涓哄ぇ浼楄垎璁虹殑浼犳挱鑰咃紝瀹冨湪紺句細(xì)鐢熸椿涓笉鍚岀▼搴﹀湴褰卞搷鐫�浜轟滑鐨勬�濇兂鍜岃鍔紝鍚勭浜烘垨浜嬩竴緇忓獟浣撴姤閬擄紝灝卞鏄撳彈鍒板叕浼楃殑鍏蟲(chóng)敞錛屾垚涓哄叕浼椾漢鐗╂垨鍏紬浜嬩歡錛屽獎(jiǎng)鍝嶈寖鍥村崄鍒嗗箍娉涖�備絾鏄湪甯?jìng)鍦壕l忔祹杞建榪囩▼涓紝甯?jìng)鍦哄鍚戝瀷鐨勫獟浣撲给櫩芥眰缁弸箮鏁堢泭鍜屾柊闂绘晥鐩婂Q屽鍏鋒湁紺句細(xì)褰卞搷鍔涖�佹樉钁楁柊濂囥�佽兘鍚稿紩鍏紬鐪肩悆鐨勭ぞ浼?xì)浜嬩欢寰堟湁鍏喘懀锛岀敋鑷充皋Z簡(jiǎn)鎻愰珮濯掍綋娓楅�忓姏瀵逛竴浜涗簨瀹炴鏇叉姤閬撱�備竴鏂歸潰錛屽湪瀵逛繚瀹変漢鍛樺拰緇勭粐榪涜鎶ラ亾鏃訛紝涓�鏃﹀彂鐢熸湁鍏充繚瀹夊艦璞″嵄鏈轟簨浠剁殑鏂伴椈錛屽獟浣撴姤閬撲究閾哄ぉ鐩栧湴錛岀敋鑷沖皢姝ｅ父宸ヤ綔涓瓨鍦ㄧ殑涓嶈凍鎵╁ぇ涓哄鏁翠釜淇濆畨闃熶紞鐨勪笐鍖栥�傜浉鍙嶏紝濡傚彂鐢熶繚瀹夊憳鎷鵑噾涓嶆槯銆佽嫳鍕囪礋浼ょ殑浜嬩歡錛屽獟浣撳嵈鍙嶅簲騫沖鉤銆?/span>
04緇勭粐緇忚惀鐞嗗康
涓�涓粍緇囨槸鍚﹂噸瑙嗗搧鐗屾晥搴旓紝鏄惁娉ㄩ噸緇勭粐浜烘墠鐨勫煿璁皢鍐沖畾涓�涓涓氱殑褰㈣薄銆傚湪鎴戝浗淇濆畨鍏徃錛屾櫘閬嶅瓨鍦ㄥ拷瑙嗗淇濆畨浜哄憳鐨勫煿璁�佷笉閲嶈緇勭粐鐨勫嵄鏈哄叕鍏寵兘鍔涢棶棰樸�備繚瀹夊叕鍙稿淇濆畨浜哄憳鐨勫煿璁ぇ澶氬仠鐣欏湪涓婂矖鍓嶇殑鐭湡鍩硅涓婏紝鑰屽涓婂矖鍚庣殑鍐嶅煿璁垯鏄皯涔嬪張灝戯紝鏇翠笉鐢ㄦ彁閲嶈鍩瑰吇緇勭粐鐨勫嵄鏈哄叕鍏寵兘鍔涗簡(jiǎn)銆傚彟澶栵紝鎴戝浗淇濆畨鍏徃涔嬪墠鍙楀埌鏀夸紒涓嶅垎鐨勫獎(jiǎng)鍝嶏紝娌℃湁褰㈡垚鐜頒唬鍖栫殑浼佷笟綆＄悊鏈哄埗錛屽鍝佺墝鏁堝簲閲嶈涓嶈凍錛屾病鏈夊仛濂戒紒涓氱殑瀹ｄ紶浣滅敤錛屾暣涓繚瀹夊競(jìng)鍦虹殑鏈夋晥绔炰簤娌℃湁褰㈡垚錛屼互琛屾斂鍖哄煙璁劇珛鐨勪繚瀹変紒涓氬垝鍦頒負(fù)钀ワ紝娌℃湁浼佷笟鍗辨満鎰燂紝瀵艱嚧鏁翠釜淇濆畨琛屼笟鍙戝睍鐨勫彈鍒訛紝鏈�緇堜篃褰卞搷浜?jiǎn)淇濆畨鑱屼笟迮炶薄鐨勬彁鍗囥�?/span>
05涓漢鍥犵礌
鍐沖畾涓�涓亴涓氱殑褰㈣薄錛屼漢鍛樺洜绱犳槸鍗犻浣嶇殑銆備粠涓漢鍥犵礌鏉ヨ錛屽畠鍖呭惈涓夋柟闈㈢殑鍐呭錛氫繚瀹変漢鍛樺鑷韓鑱屼笟鐨勮鐭ョ▼搴︺�佷繚瀹変漢鍛樼殑褰㈣薄鍗辨満鍏叧鑳藉姏鍜屼繚瀹変漢鍛樿嚜韜殑绱犺川銆傝繖浜涘洜绱犵洿鎺ュ獎(jiǎng)鍝嶄笌鍏紬鎺ヨЕ鏈�澶氱殑淇濆畨鍛樼殑褰㈣薄銆傜涓�錛屼竴浜涗繚瀹変漢鍛樿嚜韜病鏈夌姝ｆ�佸害錛屾劅瑙変繚瀹夎亴涓氫綆浜轟竴絳夛紝瀵硅嚜韜粠浜嬬殑鑱屼笟涓嶇儹鐖便�佷笉灝婇噸錛岃繖縐嶆秷鏋佹�濇兂鐩存帴瀵艱嚧娑堟瀬鐨勮鍔ㄣ�傜浜岋紝鐢變簬鎷涙敹鐨勪繚瀹変漢鍛樼礌璐ㄦ湁闄愶紝淇濆畨鍏徃涔熷拷瑙嗗淇濆畨鍛樼殑鍩硅錛屼繚瀹夐槦浼嶆櫘閬嶅瓨鍦ㄥ艦璞″嵄鏈哄叕鍏寵兘鍔涗笉寮虹殑闂銆備竴浜涗繚瀹変漢鍛樺伐浣滄�佸害鎭跺姡錛屽伐浣滄柟娉曠畝鍗曠矖鏆達(dá)紝涔熷鏄撳紩鍙戜繚瀹変笌瀹㈡埛涔嬮棿鐨勫啿紿併�備竴鏃﹀彂鐢熶繚瀹夊艦璞″嵄鏈轟簨浠訛紝褰撲簨鑰呬繚瀹変笉鐭ユ墍鎺紝淇濆畨鍏徃涔熸�犱簬澶勭悊錛岄敊榪囦簡(jiǎn)鏈�浣崇殑鍗辨満淇鏃舵湡錛屾渶緇堝鑷村嵄鏈哄崌綰э紝鎴愪負(fù)紺句細(xì)鐨勭儹鐐逛簨浠訛紝褰卞搷浜?jiǎn)鏁翠釜淇濆畨缁劸l囩殑褰㈣薄銆傜涓夛紝鍦ㄣ�婃潯渚嬨�嬮甯冧箣鍓嶏紝鎴戝浗闀挎湡緙轟箯瀵逛繚瀹夊憳鏉′歡鐨勫叿浣撹瀹氾紝瀹炶返涓篃鐤忎簬淇濆畨浜哄憳鏉′歡鐨勫鏌ワ紝淇濆畨浠庝笟浜哄憳璧勬牸璁よ瘉涔熸祦浜庡艦寮忋�備竴浜涗繚瀹夊叕鍙稿湪鎷涜仒?shù)繚瀹変汉鍛樻椨灱屽彧娉ㄩ噸骞撮緞銆佽韓楂樸�佽韓浣撳仴搴風(fēng)姸鍐碉紝瀛﹀巻瑕佹眰涔熶粎浠呮槸鍒濅腑姣曚笟銆備繚瀹変漢鍛樻湰韜瓨鍦ㄦ枃鍖栫礌璐ㄤ綆銆佹硶寰嬭蹇墊貳钖勩�佺粍緇囩邯寰嬫澗鏁ｇ瓑闂銆?/span>
06鑱屼笟鐨勭悊璁虹爺絀舵按騫?/span>
涓�涓瘜鏈夊惛寮曞姏鐨勮亴涓氾紝蹇呭畾鏈夊仴鍏ㄧ殑鐞嗚鐮旂┒緋葷粺錛屽鑱屼笟蹇?jī)鐞嗐�佽亴涓氳秼鍔褲�佽亴涓氭瀯鎴愩�佽亴涓氭爣鍑嗙瓑榪涜璇︾粏鐨勮榪幫紝涔熷繀瀹氭湁涓�鎵逛笓闂ㄧ殑瀛︽湳鐮旂┒闃熶紞鎾板啓鍏充簬璇ヨ亴涓氱殑钁椾綔錛屼負(fù)鑱屼笟鐢熸動(dòng)榪涜闀胯繙瑙勫垝銆佸琛屼笟鍓嶆櫙榪涜鍒嗘瀽銆傚彧鏈夊姝わ紝鎵嶈兘鍦ㄧ悊璁哄眰闈㈠艦鎴愪笓瀹惰瘽璇潈錛屽喅瀹氳亴涓氱殑紺句細(xì)姘斿�欙紝涓鴻亴涓氬彂灞曟彁渚涙湁鍔涚殑姝ｉ潰鑸嗚鐜銆備絾鏄粠鎴戝浗鐜伴樁孌電殑鎯呭喌鏉ョ湅錛屽彧鏈夊皬閮ㄥ垎瀛﹁�呭淇濆畨琛屼笟鍜屼繚瀹夎亴涓氫綔涓洪檮鍔犵殑鍏磋叮鍦ㄨ繘琛岀爺絀訛紝鐮旂┒浜哄憳?shù)笉鎴愯妯°�佺悊璁虹爺絀舵按騫充綆銆佸鏈氦嫻侀棴濉炪�佸鏈鍩熸病鏈夊艦鎴愯瘽璇仈鐩熴�傚彟澶栵紝鏈夊叧淇濆畨琛屼笟鍜屼繚瀹夊憳鐨勮憲浣滃拰鐞嗚鐮旂┒涔熼潪甯稿皯錛岀洰鍓嶅彧鏈夈�婁腑鍥戒繚瀹夈�嬫潅蹇椾笓闂ㄥ紑杈熶笓鏍忓強(qiáng)閫夐絳栧垝錛岀爺絀朵繚瀹夊伐浣溿�傛病鏈夌瀛︾殑鐞嗚涓哄疄璺靛仛鎸囧錛屽繀灝嗗淇濆畨琛屼笟鍜屼繚瀹夊憳鐨勫彂灞曡搗鍒伴檺鍒朵綔鐢ㄣ�?/span>